This chapter presents a survey of illustrative examples of CRESST’s R&D contributions to assessment, learning, games, and technology. The mission of CRESST was to understand the meaning of educational quality, including approaches involving evaluation and assessment. Examples from four major areas of R&D are presented: studies of writing assessment, the assessment of rifle marksmanship, evaluation of artificial intelligence systems, and game-based learning and assessment. A foundational element of the R&D was the exploration of assessment design, development, and validation in the context of learning, both as supporting the attainment of learning goals and as an outcome measure. Every example includes the importance of designing assessments to map to the purpose of evaluation and to provide as much transparency as possible. The examples illustrate the Handbook principles of transparency, purpose and focus, and validity.